Lewis m



(No Model.)

L. M. HOSEA 8: A. SPRINGER.

MOLECULAR PIVOT BALANCE.

No. 352,753. Patented Nov. 16, 1886.

7 ATTORNEY UNITED .STATES PATENT OF IC LEWIS M. nosEA AND ALFREDSPRINGER, or CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIeNoR's, RY MEsNE ASSIGNMENTS, To THEUNITED STATE ToRsIoN BALANCE AND SCALE COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEwJERSEY.

MOLECULAR PIVOT-BALANCED SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 352,753, dated November 16, 1886.

Application filed May 1, 1885. Serial No. 164,118. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, LEWIS M. HosEA and ALFRED SPRINGER, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Cincinnati, Ohio, have invented new anduseful Improvements in Molecular Pivot-Balances, of which the followingis a specification.

Our invention relates to molecular pivotbalances,having referenceparticularly to that Io class wherein the principle of flexion isemployed, its object being, primarily, to produce a flexion joint orbearing for such balances by which the oscillation of the beam shall beconcentric with the axis of the fulcrum-pivot and I 5 avoid thedifficulty inherent in such balances as heretofore constructed, in whichthe balance-beam, whether the flexion-pivot be used compressionally ortorsionally, oscillates eccentrically to the fulcrum and involves a va-2o rying lineal relation between the fulcrum and load-suspension pivots.

To this end it consists, primarily, in an e1astic fulcrum-bearing forbalances and other oscillating beam structures embodying one or moreelastic plates, wires, or strips constituting a pivot secured betweenholding abutments perpendicularly to the linear axis of the beam atopposite sid es of the axis of rotation, and clamped at such axis ofrotation between blocks or abutments, whereby the rotation of the beamis directly opposed by the flexion and lineal tension of the pivot; andit consists, further, in certain details of construction and adjustmentwhereby the princi- 5 ple of the invention may be more practically andefficiently utilized, all as more fully hereinafter set forth.

Mechanism embodying a preferred mode or modes of applying our inventionis illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which' Figure 1 is ageneral side view of a scale beam with the flexion-pivots appliedthereto according to our improvement; Fig. 2, an end view (partial) ofthe beam-pedestal; Fig. 3, a

I 5 side View, vertically sectioned, of the beam- 'ing one mode ofsecuring the fulcrum-pivot 5o thereto; Fig. 6, vertical cross-sectionsof the pivot-holding clamps, showing variations of form of theclamping-surfaces; Fig. 7, a side elevation, partially sectioned, of thebeam, showing a modified construction and mode of 5 5 mounting the pivotthereon, and a plan view r of the same; Fig.8, side elevation and planviews of the beam, showing a further modification in the mode ofsecuring the pivot thereto; Fig. 9, a perspective partial view of a beamin which the arrangement of the pivot is 'reversedthat is, the pivot isfixed by its end to the pedestal and the beam attached intermedially;and Fig. 10, a perspective of a pivot of double strips arranged in acommon 55 plane.

Referring now to the drawings, A designates the balance-beam to whichour invention is applied. -The beam is widened centrally in theplane ofits oscillation, and there provided with an opening, 0, betweenholding-abutments, constituted by the upper and lower ,walls of whichaperture, the pivot P is secured perpendicularly to the linear axis ofthe beam.

In the simplest form of our invention the pivot P is athin plate ofsteel,or other highly-elastic I metal, of substantially rectangularlineal dimensions, or may be composed of two or more strips arrangedside by side with greater or less intervals between, (as indicated inFig. 8o 10,) the ends of which plate or strips may be 1 fitted inshallow crossgrooves of the beam and held by wedges w w, as indicated inFigs. 4 and 5, and for greatersccurit-y the ends of the pivot plate orplates may be thickened in wedge form and the grooves cut to correspond,as shown. The outer ends of the beams may H be also similarly apertured,as at 0, and similarly provided with pivots P; or our improvement may beconfined to the fulcrumpivot,or applied to theload-suspension pivots,either exclusively. In either case the description as to constructionwill apply.

A convenient construction of the beam-pedestal is indicated in Figs. 2and 3, in which the head of the pedestal B, recessed from side to side,longitudinally, as at b, to admit the beam, and perforated centrallythrough the sides, as at cl, to admit the bars or blocks a constitutingclamping-abutments. The latter rest upon the inclined lower surfaces ofthe perforations (I, exteriorly between the two sides of the pedestalfrom outside to outside and through the recess 1). These bars or blocksare preferably of steel, gun-metal, or other hard metal,and may be ofsquare section, as shown in Fig. 3, or rounded or flattened at theclamping edges, as shown in Fig. 6, the form first shown beingpreferred. Set-screwsss,th readed in the sides of the pedestal-head,impinge against the bars,near each outer end, and move the bars downwardupon the inclined lower surfaces of the opening (I, by which they areadjusted toward each other, and clamp the plate or plates P firmlybetween them. By

/ suitable manipulations of the set'screws, as

will be obvious, the beam may be exactly adjusted in its proper verticallongitudinal plane, and also (with reference to the neutral plane of itspivot) in atruly-balanced position horizontally. The pivot thus mountedis, when at rest, subjected, by the weight of the beam, to bothcompressive and tensional strain, and when the beam is deflected theminor resistance of the pivot, due to deflection, is merged in andabsorbed by the resistance caused by the enforced lineal expansion ofthe pivot, provided the latter is secured at its ends immovably. Thiscircumstance renders it possible to employ much lighter, and,consequently, more elastic, material for the pivot than in ordinaryflexion-balances, and in delicate scales the pivot may be so lengthenedas to secure an exceedingly delicate action. The molecular resistance ofthe pivot to the oscillation of the beam is counteracted by apoiseweight, D, mounted upon a standard rising from the beam.

In some cases, especially in smaller balances, the pivot may be composedof an elongated plate, P or band, formed, preferably, as an endlessloop, (shown in Fig. 7,) for which purpose the beam A may be perforatedvertically, as at e 6, with horizontal bridges f inserted across theopenings, on which the band is stretched and suitably tensioned. Thetensioning may be accomplished by dividing the beam horizontally intotwo parts, a a, Fig. 7, held apart by wedges w, thus stretching the bandI upon its holding-bars. Instead of doubling the band in this manner asingle band may be employed, secured by its ends by wrapping upon theholding-bars f, and similarly tensioned.

A modification in the means for securing the pivot is shown in Fig. 8,in which the beam is divided vertically in a plane perpendicular to itslinear axis, into two equal parts, each meeting face being flankedlaterally by flanges h h, for the insertion of holding screws or bolts 1g, by which the two parts of the beam are united, clamping the pivotplate or strips-P between them.

It is possible to reverse the order of connection herein described, andattach the pivot to the pedestal and the beam to the pivot between itsends, as illustrated in Fig. 9, and

such we deem within the spirit of our inven- 7o tion,and is, perhaps,preferable in delicate balances; but for balances constructed forcommercial uses the construction first described is preferred.

Among the prominent advantages secured by our invention are, that theabnormal depression, commonly called sagging, of the fulcrum-pivot ispractically avoided. The strain of weight upon the pivot, caused byloading the beam, is thus borne by the pivot in the direction of itslength, instead of perpendicular thereto, as in the case of torsionpivots, this being at all times so far within the limits of elastictension as to cause no appreciable lengthening of the pivot from thiss0urce,while the flexing and consequent forced expansion of the pivot bythe oscillations of the beam under load is accomplished by so great aleverage as to afford comparatively little molecular resistance to suchoscillation, and as renders the action of the poise as eificient as inthe case of torsional balances. Thus it becomes particularly useful inthe cases of balances employing a multiplied leverage in which theaccurate linear relations between the several fnlcrums remain therebyunimpaired.

We claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States- 1. In a weighing-balance or other structure, incombination with a verticallyoscillating beam, an elastic fulcrum-pivot(such as a band or strip of metal) tensioned vertically betweenholding-abutments arranged at opposite sides of the axis ofbeam-rotation, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with the vertically-oscillating beam of aweighing-balance or other beam structure, an elastic pivot (such as aband or strip of metal) secured vertically in lineal tension upon thebeam across the axis of 1 r0 beam-rotation, and a beam-support c1amp ingthe pivot at the axis of rotation, substan tially as set forth.

3. In a weighing-balance or other beam structure, the combination of abalance-beam, holding-abutments arranged vertically at opposite sides ofthe axis of rotation upon said beam, an elastic fulcrum-pivot securedbetween such abutments, and a supportingstandard engaging said pivotbetween such holdingabutments, as set forth.

4. 'In a weighing-balance or other beam structure, the combination oftwo verticallyarranged holding-abutments, an elastic pivot held intension between such holding-abut ments, and a balance-beam secured toand oscillating upon such pivot, the connection being such as to opposethe combined pivoted resistances of flexion and tension to oscillationsof the beam, substantially as set forth.

5. In a flexion pivot-balance, in combination with the beam and a pivotarranged perpendicularly thereto, a pivot -clamping device embodying,essentially, two holdingblocks, adjustable vertically in relation to andat opposite sides of the pivot to regulate the neutral relation of thepivot tothe beam, substantially as set forth.

6. In a flexion pivotbalanee, the adjustable clamping device for thepivot or pivots, embodying a holding-head, B, clamping bars or blocks 0,and set-screws 8, combined and an ranged as set forth.

7. A pedestalsupport for flexion balancebeams, consisting of a head, B,recessed, asat b, laterally perforated, as at d, and provided withholding-blocks a, substantially as set forth.

8. In a fleXion-balance, the combination of an elastic pivot, p, securedat-each end to the beam, anda beam in two parts, divided longitudinallyand adj ustable apart, to tension the pivot, substantially as set forth.

9. In combination with the beam A, longitudinally divided, as shown, anelastic pivot,

P, and adj usting-wedges 10, substantially as set forth.

10. In a fleXion-balance, a perforated beam divided into two partsperpendicularly across its linear axis, in combination with an elasticpivot secured across the perforation and between the two parts of thebeam, and means,

LEI/WIS M. HOSEA.

ALFRED SPRINGER.

Witnesses:

ABRAM MAY, JosEPH 001:, Jr.

